Entrained gas tester manual

The data contained in Figure 5 will give the approximate number of trays required for rapid sizing of field glycol dehydrators. A more detailed consideration of the actual number of trays required will give the accurate results needed for the most economical size contactor. For a more detailed study, a modified McCabe-Thiele diagram 4 can be constructed to determine the number of theoretical trays for a triethylene glycol dehydrator.

This number can be converted to the actual number of trays required by applying the tray efficiency. First, determine the concentration of the rich TEG leaving the bottom of the glycol-gas contactor.

This can be done by filling in the following Table. Contactor Operating Temp. This procedure is best illustrated by an example which is included in the Appendix and Figure 9.

The actual number of trays then required can be determined using the tray efficiency. Select the next whole number of trays based on the above design procedures after the tray efficiencies have been considered.

If any foaming problem does occur, closer tray spacing can result in carryover or entrainment of the glycol in the gas stream, and cause excessive glycol losses as well as decreased efficiency in dehydration of the gas. It is determined in the same manner using the required dew point depression and the selected glycol to water circulation rate. If a more detailed consideration of the depth of packing is required a modified McCabe-Thiele diagram can be drawn based on the same procedures as described above.

The depth of packing required can then be determined from the following empirical relation based on using 1" metal pall rings in the contactor. Trays3 Then select the next whole number of feet of packing for use in the contactor. However, good operation indicates that a minimum four feet of packing should be used in any gas- glycol contactor. Additional specifications for standard tray type glycol-gas contactors are contained in Tables 5A and 5B in the Appendix.

Data on packed column glycol-gas contactors is contained in Tables 6A and 6B in the Appendix. A more detailed determination of the required reboiler heat load may be made from the following procedure. By determining the diameter and overall length of the U-tube firebox required to give the total surface area as calculated, the general overall size of the reboiler can be determined.

The most commonly used type of glycol pump for field dehydrators is the Kimray3 glycol powered pump which uses the rich glycol from the bottom of the contactor to power the pump and pump the lean glycol to the top of the pressurized contactor.

Sizing data for this type of glycol pump is contained in Table 8 3 of the Appendix. For electric motor driven positive displacement or centrifugal pumps, the manufacturers of these pumps should be consulted for exact sizing to meet the specific needs of the glycol dehydrator.

The separator should be sized based on a liquid retention time in the vessel of at least five minutes. Should this be a problem, a three phase glycol flash separator will keep these liquid hydrocarbons out of the reboiler and stripping still. A liquid retention time of 20 to 30 minutes should be used in the above equation to size a three phase flash separator. The hydrocarbon gas released from the flash separator can be piped to the reboiler to use as fuel gas and stripping gas.

The amount of gas available from a glycol pump can be determined from the data in Table 8 in the Appendix based on the glycol circulation rate and the operating pressure of the contactor. The diameter required for the stripping still is normally based on the required diameter at the base of the still using the vapor and liquid loading conditions at that point.

The vapor load consists of the water vapor steam and stripping gas flowing up through the still. The liquid load consists of the rich glycol stream and reflux flowing downward through the still column. Normally, one theoretical tray is sufficient for most stripping still requirements for triethylene glycol dehydration units.

The amount of stripping gas required to re-concentrate the glycol to a high percentage will usually be approximately 2 - 10 Scf per gallon of glycol circulated. This stripping gas requirement has been considered in the size of the stripping still that is determined using Figure No. Specifications for the main components of standard size glycol re- concentrators are contained in Table 7 in the Appendix.

This type of equipment can be operated unattended in remote field locations. The main problem generally encountered is contamination of the triethylene glycol solution which reduces the efficiency in the contactor dehydrating the gas and resulting in excessive glycol losses from the contactor or stripping still column. Foaming caused by contamination of the glycol solution by liquid hydrocarbons can be minimized by the addition of small amounts of an anti-foam inhibitor.

Of course, the unit should be designed and operated to minimize the occurrence of liquid hydrocarbons in the glycol-gas contactor or re-concentrator. The inlet dry glycol to the contactor should be maintained at a slightly higher temperature than the gas stream to prevent the condensing of any hydrocarbons in the vessel. Any liquid hydrocarbons entering the stripping still and reboiler will also cause a vapor flood condition in the stripping still due to the increased vapor load from the liquid hydrocarbons vaporized in the hot still column.

This carries glycol out of the stripping still column with the gas and water vapor. Liquid hydrocarbons will also cause coking in the stripping still contacting element and on the firebox in the reboiler. Heavy end hydrocarbons may remain in the reboiler and hinder the re-concentration of the glycol to a high percentage. Total glycol losses from a properly designed and maintained dehydration unit - due to solubility of the glycol and the gas in the contactor and vaporization losses from the stripping still - should not exceed 0.

During transportation foam is produced from the movement and vibration of the tankers. The foamy milk is then stored in a common buffer tank where it waits to be processed. The company had previously used Coriolis mass flowmeters from another manufacturer to measure the milk quantities at the raw milk reception. However, when the milk had entrained gas due to the foam produced during transportation, these Coriolis meters would always struggle and sometimes go into start up mode, i.

These interruptions hindered the process for several reasons: first, the unloading process got interrupted requiring personnel time and manual intervention to restart, which in turn increased unloading time and reduced efficiency; and secondly, the loss of measurement caused commercial disputes over the quantity of milk delivered.

The milk processing plant therefore needed a flowmeter that measures raw milk mass flow, even during phases where entrained gas is present. The twin straight tube flowmeter DN50 was supplied in stainless steel and with hygienic Tri-Clamp connections.

When it comes to flow measurement of liquids with entrained gas, the OPTIMASS offers compelling advantages as compared to conventional Coriolis flowmeters like those previously installed.

In this way, the Coriolis meter enables continuous and uninterrupted measurement of volume flow and mass, density and temperature — even at difficult milk reception process conditions with 2-phase flow. As the meter maintains operation over a wide range of gas volume fractions and complex flow conditions, the customer no longer has disruption to loading of the milk when entrained gas is present. The quantity measured is thus no longer disputed.

After a stabilization period, release the pressure in the top and read the air- void content on the dial on the top of the meter. Subtract the aggregate correction factor from the dial reading and report the final value. Mud Balance TruWate Model Entrained Gas tester EGT which we chose. Ultrasonic entrained gas instruments are.

Advanced Air Entrainment Meter is used to. The manual Air Entrainment Meter design model. Need to find where air is getting into your system? Just want to make periodical checks on how much entrained air is in your system. All these and others can be done with the Entrained Gas Tester. For over four decades the pulp and paper industry has been using the EGT to measure the air content in solutions from pulp and paper washing and bleaching to the paper machine and coatings.