Vista 3d user interface

Drivers C. Service packs D. Mar 30 AM. Expert's Answer Solution. Feedback :. Next Previous. Related Questions. What operating system is similar to Windows Vista Home Basic but includes additional features such as the Aero user interface? Windows Vista Business B. Windows Vista Home Premium C. This works surprisingly well, coming near to the accuracy of much more expensive and complex tracking systems, but does have the limitation that the user must be facing the camera and not blocking the camera's view of the ball.

In addition, accuracy in the depth dimension is worse than in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Probably the best candidate for self-contained 6-DOF tracking is inside-out vision-based tracking, in which the tracked object uses a camera to view the world, and analyzes the changes in this view over time to understand its own motion translations and rotations.

Although this approach is inherently relative, such systems can keep track of "feature points" in the scene to give a sort of absolute tracking in a fixed coordinate system connected with the scene. Three recent tracking developments deserve special mention, as they are bringing many new designers and researchers into the realm of 3D UIs. The first is the Nintendo Wii Remote.

This gaming peripheral does not offer 6-DOF tracking, but does include several inertial sensors in addition to a simple optical tracker that can be used to move a cursor on the screen. Wingrave and colleagues Wingrave et al, presented a nice discussion of how the Wii Remote differs from traditional trackers, and how it can be used in 3D UIs. Second, the Microsoft Kinect Figure 1 delivers tracking in a very different way.

Rather than tracking a handheld device or a single point on the user's head, it uses a depth camera to track the user's entire body a skeleton of about 20 points. The 3-DOF position of each point is measured, but orientation is not detected. And since it tracks the body directly, no "controller" is needed.

Researchers have designed some interesting 3D interactions with Kinect e. Copyright terms and licence: Unknown pending investigation. See section "Exceptions" in the copyright terms below. Third, the Leap Motion device, which has been announced but is not available at the time of this writing, promises to deliver very precise 3D tracking of hands, fingers, and tools in a small workspace.

It has the potential to make 3D interaction a standard part of the desktop computing experience, but we will have to wait and see how best to design interaction techniques for this device. It will share many of the benefits and drawbacks of the Kinect, and although it is designed to support "natural" interaction, naturalism is not always possible, and not always the best solution as we will discuss below.

For 3D interaction, spatial trackers are most often used inside handheld devices. These devices typically include other inputs such as buttons, joysticks, or trackballs, making them something like a "3D mouse. Trackers are also used to measure the user's head position and orientation.

Head tracking is useful for modifying the view of a 3D environment in a natural way. The type of spatial tracker used in a 3D UI can have a major impact on its usability , and different trackers may require different UI designs. For example, a tracker with higher latency might not be appropriate for precise object manipulation tasks, and an interface using a 3-DOF orientation tracker requires additional methods for translating the viewpoint in the 3D environment, since it does not track the user's position.

This short section can't do justice to the complex topic of spatial tracking. While spatial tracking is the fundamental input device for 3D UIs, it is usually not sufficient on its own. As noted above, most handheld trackers include other sorts of input, because it's difficult to map all interface actions to position, orientation, or motion of the tracker. For example, to confirm a selection action, a discrete event or command is needed, and a button is much more appropriate for this than a hand motion.

The Intersense IS wand is typical of such handheld trackers; it includes four standard buttons, a "trigger" button, and a 2-DOF analog joystick which is also a button in a handheld form factor. The Kinect, because of its "controller-less" design, suffers from the lack of discrete inputs such as buttons. Generalizing this idea, we can see that almost any sort of input device can be made into a spatial input device by tracking it.

Usually this requires adding some hardware to the device, such as optical tracking markers. This extends the capability and expressiveness of the tracker, and allows the input from the device to be interpreted differently depending on its position and orientation. For example, in my lab we have experimented with tracking multi-touch smartphones and combining the multi-touch input with the spatial input for complex object manipulation interfaces Wilkes et al. Other interesting devices, such as bend-sensitive tape, can be tracked to provide additional degrees of freedom Balakrishnan et al.

Gloves or finger trackers are another type of input device that is frequently combined with spatial trackers. Pinch gloves detect contacts between the fingers, while data gloves and finger trackers measure joint angles of the fingers. Combining these with trackers allow for interesting, natural, and expressive use of hand gestures, such as in-air typing Bowman et al.

Much of the early work on 3D UIs was done in the context of interaction with VR systems, which use some form of "immersive" display, such as head-mounted displays HMDs , surround-screen displays e. Increasingly, however, 3D interaction is taking place with TVs or even desktop monitors, due to the use of consumer-level tracking devices meant for gaming.

Differences in display configuration and characteristics can have a major impact on the design and usability of 3D UIs. HMDs Figure 2 provide a full degree surround when combined with head tracking and can block out the user's view of the real world, or enhance the view of the real world when used in AR systems. When used for VR, HMDs keep users from seeing their own hands or other parts of their bodies, meaning that devices must be usable eyes-free, and that users may be hesitant to move around in the physical environment.

Figure Among other considerations, for 3D UIs this means that the designer must provide a way for the user to rotate the world. The mixture of physical and virtual viewpoint rotation can be confusing and can reduce performance on tasks like visual search McMahan, With desktop monitors and TVs, however, we may not know the size of the display or the user's position relative to it, so determining the appropriate software FOV is difficult.

This in turn may influence the user's ability to understand the scale of objects being displayed. Finally, we know that display characteristics can affect 3D interaction performance. Prior research in my lab has shown, for example, that stereoscopic display can improve performance on difficult manipulation tasks Narayan et al. As a serious topic in HCI , 3D interaction has not been around very long. The seminal papers in the field were only written in the mid- to lates, the most-cited book in the field was published in , and the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces didn't begin until There is no standard 3D UI and it's not clear that there could be, given the diversity of input devices, displays, and interaction techniques , and few well-established guidelines for 3D UI design.

Thus, it's important to have specific design principles for 3D interaction. While the 3D UI book Bowman et al. Despite the youth of the field, there is a very large number of existing 3D interaction techniques for the so-called "universal tasks" of travel, selection, manipulation, and system control.

In many cases, these techniques can be reused directly or with slight modifications in new applications. The lists of techniques in the 3D UI book Bowman et al. When existing techniques are not sufficient, new techniques can sometimes be generated by combining existing technique components. Taxonomies of technique components Bowman et al. A wide variety of techniques already existsit is impossible to innovate in 3D UI design. On one hand, most of the primary metaphors for the universal tasks have probably been invented already.

On the other hand, there are several reasons to believe that there are new, radically different metaphors than what we currently have. First, we know the design space of 3D interaction is very large due to the number of devices and mappings available. Second, 3D interaction design can be magical—limited only by the designer's imagination. Third, new technologies such as the Leap Motion device with the potential for new forms of interaction are constantly appearing.

For example, in a recent project in our lab, students used a combination of recent technologies multi-touch tablet, 3D reconstruction, marker-based AR tracking, and stretch sensors to enable "AR Angry Birds"—a novel form of physical interaction with both real and virtual objects in AR Figure 3. Finally, techniques can be designed specifically for specialized tasks in various application domains.

For example, we designed domain-specific interaction techniques for object cloning in the architecture and construction domain Chen and Bowman, One of the most common problems in 3D UI design is the use of inappropriate mappings between input devices and actions in the interface.

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